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1 waste chemistry
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > waste chemistry
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2 waste chemistry
Техника: химия отходов -
3 waste chemistry
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4 chemistry
химия; воднохимический режим; ВХР; химический состав; химическая среда; данные химического анализа; результаты контроля ВХР -
5 analytical chemistry
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > analytical chemistry
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6 applied chemistry
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > applied chemistry
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7 colloidal chemistry
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > colloidal chemistry
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8 nuclear chemistry
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > nuclear chemistry
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9 analytic chemistry
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > analytic chemistry
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10 general chemistry
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > general chemistry
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11 hot chemistry
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > hot chemistry
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12 inorganic chemistry
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > inorganic chemistry
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13 recoil chemistry
химия горячих атомов; химия высоких энергийEnglish-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > recoil chemistry
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14 tracer chemistry
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > tracer chemistry
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15 bin
chemistry• binäärinen* * *bin(a container (usually metal or plastic, often large) in which corn etc is stored or rubbish is collected: a waste-paper bin; a dustbin.) laari, roskapönttö -
16 technology
1. n техника; технические и прикладные науки2. n научная аппаратураaerial and satellite technologies — научная аппаратура, устанавливаемая на самолётах и спутниках
3. n техника, специальные приёмыthe technology of repression has become more refined — техника подавления оппозиционных настроений стала более тонкой
4. n технология5. n специальная терминологияСинонимический ряд:body of knowledge (noun) area of study; body of knowledge; body of laws or principles; branch of knowledge; chemistry; discipline; physics; science; system of knowledge -
17 Macintosh, Charles
[br]b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.[br]As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823.Further ReadingG.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).T.Hancock, 1957, Narrative of the Indiarubber Manufacture, London.H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).RLH / LRD -
18 Solvay, Ernest
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 16 April 1838 Rebcq, near Brussels, Belgiumd. 26 May 1922 Brussels, Belgium[br]Belgian manufacturer, first successfully to produce soda by the ammonia-soda process.[br]From the beginning of the nineteenth century, soda had been manufactured by the Leblanc process. Important though it was, serious drawbacks had shown themselves early on. The worst was the noxious alkali waste left after the extraction of the soda, in such large quantities that two tons of waste were produced for one of soda. The first attempt to work out an alternative process was by the French scientist and engineer A.J. Fresnel, but it failed. The process consisted essentially of passing carbon dioxide into a solution of ammonia in brine (sodium chloride). The product, sodium bicarbonate, could easily be converted to soda by heating. For over half a century, practical difficulties, principally the volatility of the ammonia, dogged the process and a viable solution eluded successive chemists, including James Muspratt and William Deacon.Finally, Ernest Solvay and his brother Alfred tackled the problem, and in 1861 they filed a Belgian patent for improvements, notably the introduction of a carbonating tower, which made the process continuous. The first works were set up at Couillet in 1863, but four further years of hard work were still needed to overcome teething troubles. Once the Solvay ammonia-soda process was working well, it made rapid strides. It was introduced into Britain in 1872 under licence to Ludwig Mond and four years later Solvay opened the large Dombaske works in France.Solvay was a member of the Belgian Senate and a Minister of State. International institutes of physics, chemistry and sociology are named after him.[br]Further ReadingP.Heger and C.Lefebvre, 1919, La vie d'Ernest Solvay.Obituary, 1922, Ind. Eng. Chem.: 1,156.LRD -
19 organic
- 'ɡæ-1) (of or concerning the organs of the body: organic diseases.) orgánico2) (of, found in, or produced by, living things: Organic compounds all contain carbon.) órganico3) ((of food) grown without the use of artificial fertilizers.) órganicoorganic adj orgánicotr[ɔː'gænɪk]1 (living) orgánico,-a2 (without chemicals) biológico,-a, ecológico,-a3 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL formal use orgánico,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLorganic chemistry química orgánicaorganic [ɔr'gænɪk] adj: orgánico♦ organically advadj.• orgánico, -a adj.ɔːr'gænɪk, ɔː'gænɪkadjective orgánico; < farming> ecológico; < vegetable> biológico, cultivado sin pesticidas ni fertilizantes artificiales[ɔː'ɡænɪk]ADJ1) (=living) [matter, waste] orgánico; [fertiliser] orgánico, natural2) (=not chemical) [farmer, farm, methods] ecológico; [vegetables, produce] de cultivo biológico, biológico; [meat] ecológico; [flour] integral; [wine, beer] sin sustancias artificialesorganic food — alimentos mpl biológicos, alimentos mpl de cultivo biológico
organic farming — agricultura f ecológica or biológica
organic restaurant — restaurante m de cocina natural
3) (Chem) orgánicoorganic chemistry — química f orgánica
4) frm (=natural) [growth, development, change] natural; (=united) [society, state, community] orgánico* * *[ɔːr'gænɪk, ɔː'gænɪk] -
20 water
1) вода
2) водовозный
3) водоналивный
4) водоперепускный
5) водоподпорный
6) водопонижающий
7) водоприемный
8) водоуказательный
9) водоумягчающий
10) водоумягчительный
11) водяной
12) муарировать
13) споить
14) ватерный
15) водный
16) гидравлический
17) мочить
18) смачивать
– abrasive water
– acidic water
– activated water
– adsorbed water
– adsorption water
– aerated water
– aggressive water
– alkaline water
– ammonia water
– bath water
– bilge water
– boiler water
– bound water
– capillary water
– chemistry of water
– chlorinated water
– circulating water
– clarified water
– clarify water
– condition water
– crystal water
– deaerated water
– demineralized water
– deposit water
– depth water
– desalinate water
– desalinated water
– desalted water
– disinfection of water
– drain water
– drainage water
– edge water
– elevation of water
– entrapped water
– feed water
– film water
– free water
– hardness of water
– head water
– heating-system water
– heavy water
– high water
– hydration water
– impounded water
– industrial water
– infiltration water
– inject water
– interstitial water
– lay a cable in water
– light water
– lime water
– low water
– low water level
– low water line
– make-up water
– meteoric water
– millimeter of water
– mine water
– mineral water
– mineralized water
– natural water
– polluted water
– potable water
– power water
– pressure water
– process water
– pump out the water
– pure water
– purified water
– reclaimed water
– return water
– rinsing water
– running water
– seepage water
– settle water
– settling-vat water
– shield water
– ship by water
– shrinkage water
– soften water
– softened water
– soil water
– stagnant water
– steeping water
– storm water
– stratal water
– sulphate water
– superheated water
– surface water
– sweet water
– tail water
– tap water
– thermal water
– travel by water
– twice-distilled water
– underground water
– upstream water
– void water
– vulcanization in hot water
– waste water
– water absorbing
– water amelioration
– water area
– water balance
– water ballast
– water barge
– water bath
– water blancher
– water cadastre
– water carrier
– water chlorination
– water circulation
– water circulator
– water clarification
– water classifying
– water collection
– water column
– water concentration
– water conduit
– water conservation
– water cooler
– water cooling
– water deluting
– water discharge
– water disharge
– water displacing
– water droplet
– water equivalent
– water flow
– water gas
– water glass
– water hammer
– water hardening
– water heating
– water hose
– water ice
– water injection
– water intake
– water jacket
– water jet
– water landing
– water line
– water main
– water mass
– water of constitution
– water of plasticity
– water paint
– water permeable
– water pipe
– water preparation
– water pump
– water pumping
– water purification
– water receiving
– water regime
– water reservoir-cooler
– water scoop
– water seal
– water shutoff
– water side
– water softener
– water softening
– water sprays
– water suit
– water surface
– water tank
– water treatment
– water turbine
– water use rate
– water wall
– wet water meter
domestic hot water converter — абонентский водоподогреватель
high water level — <geol.> горизонт высоких вод
interstitial bottom water — <energ.> вода пластовая
snow water on ice — <geogr.> лед со снежинцами
water supply well — <energ.> скважина водозаборная
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